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Liquidity pools: two reserves, one fee, real risk

A pool is two token reserves plus a fee. Traders pay the fee, providers take the inventory risk. Depth, fee tiers and why TVL is not safety.

What it holds Reserves of two tokens in one smart contract
Who pays Traders pay the pool fee on every swap
Who is exposed Providers carry divergence loss and contract risk

FBT Swap

What you should know

A liquidity pool is a smart contract holding reserves of two tokens. Anyone can trade against it at the price its formula produces, and anyone can add to the reserves and earn a share of the trading fees.

That is the whole mechanism. Everything else — depth, impermanent loss, fee tiers, concentrated liquidity — is a refinement of who takes which risk.

Depth is the only thing that decides your price

A pool holding two million dollars a side absorbs a ten-thousand-dollar trade with negligible impact. A pool holding twenty thousand does not. Same token, same interface, completely different execution.

This is why checking depth matters more than checking the logo. A token can be listed everywhere and tradeable nowhere at size.

Fee tiers and what they are for

Stable pairs typically use a very low fee because the two assets barely move against each other and volume is the business. Volatile pairs use a higher fee because providers need compensating for inventory risk. Exotic pairs charge the most.

A pair can exist in several tiers at once; the router picks whichever gives the better net output for your size, which is sometimes the more expensive tier because it holds deeper reserves.

Why providing liquidity is not free money

Fees accrue continuously, but so does divergence loss. As the price of one asset moves, the pool rebalances against you: you end up holding more of the loser and less of the winner than if you had simply held both.

Fees can exceed that loss on a high-volume, low-volatility pair. They often do not on a volatile one. Any yield figure that omits this comparison is incomplete.

Reading a pool before you trade into it

Look at reserves on both sides, recent volume, and the price impact your specific size produces. A pool with large total value locked but a lopsided reserve is thinner than its headline number suggests.

FBT Swap shows the price impact for the amount you entered, which is the practical version of all of this: if the number is large, the pool is too small for your trade.

At a glance

At a glance

What it holds

Reserves of two tokens in one smart contract

Who pays

Traders pay the pool fee on every swap

Who is exposed

Providers carry divergence loss and contract risk

What matters for you

Depth against your size — not total value locked

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Clear answers before you decide.

Does high TVL mean a safe pool?

No. Total value locked measures size, not safety. A large pool can still hold an unaudited contract, a centrally upgradeable token, or reserves that are lopsided in a way that makes your direction expensive.

Where does my swap fee go?

The pool fee goes to the liquidity providers of that pool, proportionally to their share. It is separate from network gas and separate from any platform fee the interface charges.

Can a pool run out of a token?

A constant-product pool cannot be fully emptied — the price goes to infinity as a reserve approaches zero. In practice it becomes unusably expensive long before that, which looks like the token being untradeable.

Risk notice

Crypto assets are volatile and on-chain transactions cannot be reversed. You can lose money, including all of it. Nothing here is financial advice.